Muzzle brake Pressure distribution of gunpowder gases efflux through the muzzle brake

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     Muzzle brake is designed to reduce recoil momentum when firing from a gun. There exist a variety of muzzle brake designs. Generally, a muzzle brake consists of one or several chambers, where gunpowder gases dilate, expand and effuse through gas outlets, which results in the pulling momentum, which in its turn reduces the recoil momentum.
     Modeling the process of a projectile discharge from a barrel with a muzzle brake on it allows to define the following important characteristcs of the gun:

• muzzle brake pulling momentum magnitude;
• pressure and temperature of gunpowder gases, propelling the projectile;
• blast wave force impact on the artillery system and guncrew;
• exhaust explosion strength on firing;
• suspended materials concentration and smoke formation in the shooting area.

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     Firing from a tank gun entails gunpowder gases efflux from the barrel and under high pressure. The GasDynamicsToolR package allows to define how the pressure and temperature of these gases change with time as they are being expulsed from the muzzle exit. This also makes it possible to solve the following problems:

• to assess the possible damage to the devices installed on the outside of the armor;
• to assess the minimal safe distance for people to be around the tank during gunfire.

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    Represents pressure distribution of gunpowder gases for a quick-firer in operation.

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     Muzzle muffler is a device designed to reduce the strength of the air-blast wave resulting from a gunshot. As a rule, it is a system of obstructions - several annular perforated pipes, baffle paltes, a mesh coiled around the perforated pipe, etc. Muzzle muffler is used to reduce the noise level during gunfire, which reduces the probability of the shot location being discovered by the enemy.
     We present the computation results for different types of mufflers in two- and three-dimensional statements.

Initial phase of supersonic stream efflux. On the left - distribution of the first derived plane, on the right - shaded photograph (Glass I.I. 1977)

     The majority of the ballistic processes (especially the aftereffect period and the intermediate ballistics) generate flows of complex configuration consisting of blast waves, contact explosions, hanging shocks, vortices and other non-linear formations.
     Since the package is often applied to problems connected with transient high-gradient stream efflux, a necessity arised to carry out testings of flows of that class. The figure represents the comparison of a shaded photograph of the initial phase of the supersonic stream efflux process and the numerical experiment results (the first density derivative). You can clearly see the back compression shock, a phenomenon which is very difficult to simulate.

     In the course of experimental supersonic stream efflux into pipes or the open space certain structures with periodic characteristics are generated. In the last case this happens under the conditions of slightly underexpanded flows and light density. The figure presents an example of simulation of such processes.